{"id":12493,"date":"2017-10-29T15:51:00","date_gmt":"2017-10-29T13:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/?p=12493"},"modified":"2026-06-19T12:50:50","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T09:50:50","slug":"botany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/en\/botany\/","title":{"rendered":"BOTANY"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\">Botany<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">comes from Latin: \u03b2\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 = land used for\u00a0grazing or grass<br \/>\nIs a science of\u00a0plant\u00a0life and a branch of\u00a0biology<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">The importance of plants:<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Generating a large proportion of the oxygen and food\u00a0by the <strong>PHOTOSYNTHSIS<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>PHOTOSYNTHSIS<\/strong> is a process that uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and\u00a0<strong>carbon dioxide<\/strong> (CO\u2082) into sugars, and release\u00a0<strong>oxygen<\/strong> (O\u2082)\u00a0into the atmosphere.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>PHOTOSYNTHSIS<\/strong> takes place at the <strong>Chloroplasts\u00a0<\/strong>that contain green\u00a0<strong>chlorophyll\u00a0<\/strong>pigments<br \/>\n<strong>Chloroplasts<\/strong> are most abundant in leaf cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Plant Taxonomy &#8211; Systematic botany<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names\u00a0plants<\/b><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_740\" style=\"width: 1920px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/DSC07645.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/DSC07645.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u05e9\u05d5\u05e9\u05df \u05e6\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0(\u05e9\u05d5\u05e9\u05df \u05e6\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8) For example taxonomy of\u00a0<b><i>Lilium<\/i><\/b><b><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/b><b><i>candidum<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n<table width=\"693\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"346\"><b>\u00a0Plantae<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"346\"><b>Kingdom <\/b><b>\u00a0(\u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05db\u05d4)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"346\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>Magnoliophyta<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"346\">\u00a0Division (\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"346\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>Liliopsida<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"346\">Class (\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"346\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>Liliales<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"346\">Series (\u05e1\u05d3\u05e8\u05d4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"346\"><b>\u00a0Liliaceae<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"346\">\u00a0Family (\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d7\u05d4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"346\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><b><i>Lilium<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"346\">\u00a0Genus (\u05e1\u05d5\u05d2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"346\"><b><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/%d7%94%d7%a2%d7%99%d7%98%d7%95%d7%a8-%d7%91%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%97%d7%99-%d7%a9%d7%95%d7%a9%d7%9f-%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%95%d7%a8-%d7%91%d7%90%d7%95%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%99%d7%94%d7%95%d7%93%d7%99\/\"><b><i>Lilium<\/i><\/b><b><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/b><b><i>candidum<\/i><\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"346\">\u00a0Species (\u05de\u05d9\u05df)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"346\"><b><i>Not for every plant<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"346\">\u00a0sub-species (\u05ea\u05ea-\u05de\u05d9\u05df)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Names can be given also after:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Biblical terms<\/b>: \u2018Alon\u2019 (\u05d0\u05dc\u05d5\u05df) = oak tree<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Geographic area<\/b>: Carmel, Yaffo<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>People names<\/b>: <i>Aaronsohnia<\/i> <i>factorovskyi\u00a0(\u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9)<\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0Named in 1927 by the\u00a0botanists\u00a0Otto Warburg after\u00a0his Colleagues: Aaron Aaronsohn\u00a0\u00a0and\u00a0Alexander Eig.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12503\" style=\"width: 700px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/\u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea-\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9-\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05e4\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4-Aaronsohnia_factorovskyi_1a.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/\u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea-\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9-\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05e4\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4-Aaronsohnia_factorovskyi_1a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"447\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 (Aharonsohnia Factorovskyi (wikipedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Flora of Israel: <\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">About 2,600 species (out of <b>410,000<\/b> Globally)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">From 130 families (out of 620 Globally)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Among them 264 species are protected by law<br \/>\n<u><b><\/b><\/u><\/li>\n<li>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>FUNGI <\/b><b>\u2013 A separate <\/b><b>kingdom <\/b><b>from <\/b><b>Plants<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">A group of\u00a0<b>eukaryotic<\/b>\u00a0organisms = organism\u00a0whose cells have a\u00a0<b>cell<\/b> <b>nucleus<\/b>\u00a0and other\u00a0<b>organelles<\/b>\u00a0enclosed within\u00a0<b>membranes<\/b>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">includes <b>microorganisms<\/b> such as\u00a0<b>yeasts\u00a0<\/b>and\u00a0<b>molds<\/b>, as well as the more familiar\u00a0<b>mushrooms<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Fungi are\u00a0<b>heterotrophs<\/b><b>:<\/b> they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting\u00a0<b>digestive enzymes<\/b>into their environment.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Fungi <b>do not\u00a0<\/b><b>photosynthesise<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Fungi live <\/b><b>upon \/ within \/ parasite or in symbiosis\u00a0<\/b><b>(mycorrhiza<\/b>)<b>: <\/b>roots,, trunks, leaves of live or dead organisms, ill organisms or weak<br \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12554\" style=\"width: 700px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/\u05e4\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4-\u05e2\u05dc-\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d8-\u05e1\u05e8\u05e4\u05d3-\u05d4\u05db\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05e7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4-\u05e9\u05e2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4-001-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/\u05e4\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4-\u05e2\u05dc-\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d8-\u05e1\u05e8\u05e4\u05d3-\u05d4\u05db\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd-\u05e7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4-\u05e9\u05e2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4-001-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u05e4\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d3\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05d8\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d8 Gilled mushroom (\u05e6\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd: \u05d3&#8221;\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<h2><u><b>(\u05e9\u05e8\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd) <\/b><\/u><u><b>PTERIDOPHYTA = <\/b><\/u><u><b>Ferns<\/b><\/u><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Vascular plants<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">With\u00a0<b>xylem<\/b>\u00a0for water and\u00a0<b>phloem <\/b>for sugars<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Reproduces via\u00a0spores &#8211; \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u00a0= <i>spora<\/i>, meaning seed<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Ferns first appear in the fossil record about <b>360 million years <\/b>ago in the late\u00a0<b>Devonian\u00a0<\/b>period <b>Paleozoic<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Unique\u00a0<b>life cycle\u00a0<\/b>with independent\u00a0<b>gametophyte\u00a0<\/b>and\u00a0<b>sporophyte\u00a0<\/b>phases<br \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12086\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/P_20170618_144739_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/P_20170618_144739_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u05e9\u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05ea, \u05e0\u05d7\u05dc \u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05d1 (\u05e6\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd: \u05d3&#8221;\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><u><b>PTERIDOPHYTA<\/b><\/u><b> represented in Israel by two families:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>1.<b>Equisetum =<\/b>\u00a0<b>horsetail <\/b>(\u05e9\u05d1\u05d8\u05d1\u05d8)<\/p>\n<p>2.<b>Pterophyta<\/b> <b>= <\/b><b>Ferns <\/b>(\u05e9\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05dd)<\/p>\n<h3><b>Equisetum<\/b>:\u00a0<b>horsetail <\/b><b>(<\/b><b>\u05e9\u05d1\u05d8\u05d1\u05d8<\/b><b>)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Remain of the late-Paleozoic\u00a0forests<\/li>\n<li>Lives in water area, riversides<\/li>\n<li>Can be found at the <b>Snir<\/b><b> River Reservation<\/b>\u00a0&#8211; north Israel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/%d7%91%d7%a7%d7%99%d7%99%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%9b%d7%99%d7%9c%d7%90%d7%99%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%97%d7%aa-%d7%90%d7%91%d7%99%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%9b%d7%9c-%d7%94%d7%90%d7%96%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d\/p_20170326_114222_vhdr_auto-2-copy\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/P_20170326_114222_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/P_20170326_114222_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy.jpg 640w, https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/P_20170326_114222_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy-300x169.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-9806\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"gallery-1-9806\" class=\"wp-caption-text gallery-caption\">\u05e9\u05d1\u05d8\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc (Equisetum:\u00a0horsetail), \u05e0\u05d7\u05dc \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05e8, \u05e6\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd: \u05d3&#8221;\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/%d7%91%d7%a7%d7%99%d7%99%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%9b%d7%99%d7%9c%d7%90%d7%99%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%97%d7%aa-%d7%90%d7%91%d7%99%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%9b%d7%9c-%d7%94%d7%90%d7%96%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d\/p_20170326_114211_vhdr_auto-2-copy\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/P_20170326_114211_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/P_20170326_114211_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy.jpg 640w, https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/P_20170326_114211_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy-300x169.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-9805\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"gallery-1-9805\" class=\"wp-caption-text gallery-caption\">\u05e9\u05d1\u05d8\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc (Equisetum:\u00a0horsetail), \u05e0\u05d7\u05dc \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05e8, \u05e6\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd: \u05d3&#8221;\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/%d7%91%d7%a7%d7%99%d7%99%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%9b%d7%99%d7%9c%d7%90%d7%99%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%97%d7%aa-%d7%90%d7%91%d7%99%d7%91-%d7%91%d7%9b%d7%9c-%d7%94%d7%90%d7%96%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d\/p_20170326_114133_vhdr_auto-2-copy\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/P_20170326_114133_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/P_20170326_114133_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy.jpg 640w, https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/P_20170326_114133_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy-300x169.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-9803\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"gallery-1-9803\" class=\"wp-caption-text gallery-caption\">\u05e9\u05d1\u05d8\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc (Equisetum:\u00a0horsetail), \u05e0\u05d7\u05dc \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05e8, \u05e6\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd: \u05d3&#8221;\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><b>Ferns in Israel<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><i>Ceterach<\/i> <i>officinarum<\/i> <i>\u00a0= <\/i><b>Scaly spleenwort<\/b> (\u05d3\u05e0\u05d3\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea)<\/p>\n<p><i>Adiantum <\/i><i>capillus<\/i><i>-veneris = <\/i>\u00a0 <b>Southern Maidenhair<\/b> ((\u05e9\u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05ea<\/p>\n<p><i>Pteris<\/i> <i>vittata<\/i> <b><i>= <\/i><\/b><b>Long brake <\/b>(\u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/%d7%94%d7%a6%d7%92%d7%94-%d7%91%d7%98%d7%99%d7%95%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%a4%d7%92%d7%a9-%d7%90%d7%9c%d7%9b%d7%a1%d7%a0%d7%93%d7%a8-%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a7%d7%93%d7%95%d7%9f-%d7%95%d7%a9%d7%9e%d7%a2%d7%95%d7%9f\/p_20170618_144739_vhdr_auto-2-copy\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/P_20170618_144739_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/P_20170618_144739_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy.jpg 640w, https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/P_20170618_144739_vHDR_Auto-2-Copy-300x169.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-12086\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"gallery-2-12086\" class=\"wp-caption-text gallery-caption\">\u05e9\u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05ea Southern Maidenhair (Adiantum capillus-veneris), \u05e0\u05d7\u05dc \u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05d1 (\u05e6\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd: \u05d3&#8221;\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/botany\/%d7%93%d7%a0%d7%93%d7%a0%d7%94-%d7%a8%d7%a4%d7%95%d7%90%d7%99%d7%aa-%d7%91%d7%a0%d7%97%d7%9c-%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%93\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/\u05d3\u05e0\u05d3\u05e0\u05d4-\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea-\u05d1\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc-\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d3.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/\u05d3\u05e0\u05d3\u05e0\u05d4-\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea-\u05d1\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc-\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d3.jpg 700w, https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/\u05d3\u05e0\u05d3\u05e0\u05d4-\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea-\u05d1\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc-\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d3-300x200.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-12510\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"gallery-2-12510\" class=\"wp-caption-text gallery-caption\">\u05d3\u05e0\u05d3\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea, \u05e0\u05d7\u05dc \u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d3 Ceterach officinarum \u2013 Scaly spleenwort (\u05e6\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05d3&#8221;\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"gallery-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/botany\/%d7%90%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%94-%d7%90%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%aa-%d7%a2%d7%9c%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a7%d7%98%d7%9f-%d7%a0%d7%97%d7%9c-%d7%9b%d7%96%d7%99%d7%91-3-copy\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/\u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4-\u05d0\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05ea-\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd-\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d8\u05df-\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc-\u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05d1-3-Copy.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/\u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4-\u05d0\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05ea-\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd-\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d8\u05df-\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc-\u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05d1-3-Copy.jpg 640w, https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/\u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4-\u05d0\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05ea-\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd-\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d8\u05df-\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc-\u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05d1-3-Copy-300x224.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"478\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-12512\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"gallery-2-12512\" class=\"wp-caption-text gallery-caption\">\u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc \u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05d1, Pteris vittata = Long brake (\u05e6\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05d3&#8221;\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><u>(<\/u><u>\u05d8\u05d7\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd<\/u><u>) <\/u><u><b>BRYOPHITA<\/b><\/u><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Non-vascular land plants<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Limited in size<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Prefer moist habitats<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><u>Do <\/u><u>not <\/u>produce\u00a0flowers\u00a0or\u00a0seeds<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Alternation of generations<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Gametophyte<\/b> (sexual) and <b>spo<\/b><b>rophyte <\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Reproduce via\u00a0<u><b>spores <\/b><\/u>(\u05e0\u05d1\u05d2\u05d9\u05dd)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Their life cycles are dominated by the\u00a0<b>gametophyte<\/b>(sexual) stage<\/li>\n<li><b>Lichen<\/b>is a type of symbiotic organism.<\/li>\n<li>A composite organism that arises from\u00a0<b>algae<\/b>or <b>cyanobacteria <\/b>(Single-cell) living among\u00a0filaments\u00a0of multiple\u00a0<b>fungi<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Lichens come in many colours, sizes, and forms: plant-like, tiny, leafless branches, flat leaf-like structures, thin pieces that lie on the surface like peeling paint<\/li>\n<li><b>Lichen<\/b>is a type of symbiotic organism.<\/li>\n<li>A composite organism that arises from\u00a0<b>algae<\/b>or <b>cyanobacteria <\/b>(Single-cell) living among\u00a0filaments\u00a0of multiple\u00a0<b>fungi<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Lichens come in many colours, sizes, and forms: plant-like, tiny, leafless branches, flat leaf-like structures, thin pieces that lie on the surface like peeling paint<\/li>\n<li><b>Lichen<\/b>is a type of symbiotic organism.<\/li>\n<li>A composite organism that arises from\u00a0<b>algae<\/b>or <b>cyanobacteria <\/b>(Single-cell) living among\u00a0filaments\u00a0of multiple\u00a0<b>fungi<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Lichens come in many colours, sizes, and forms: plant-like, tiny, leafless branches, flat leaf-like structures, thin pieces that lie on the surface like peeling paint<\/li>\n<li><b>Lichen<\/b>is a type of symbiotic organism.<\/li>\n<li>A composite organism that arises from\u00a0<b>algae<\/b>or <b>cyanobacteria <\/b>(Single-cell) living among\u00a0filaments\u00a0of multiple\u00a0<b>fungi<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Lichens come in many colours, sizes, and forms: plant-like, tiny, leafless branches, flat leaf-like structures, thin pieces that lie on the surface like peeling paint<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">260 species in Israel are\u00a0<b>mosses<\/b> (\u05d8\u05d7\u05d1\u05d9 \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd) + <b>liverworts<\/b> (\u05d8\u05d7\u05d1\u05d9 \u05db\u05d1\u05d3)<br \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12511\" style=\"width: 700px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/\u05d8\u05d7\u05d1-\u05db\u05d1\u05d3-\u05d1\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc-\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/\u05d8\u05d7\u05d1-\u05db\u05d1\u05d3-\u05d1\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc-\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u05d8\u05d7\u05d1 \u05db\u05d1\u05d3 &#8211; \u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d1\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc \u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d3 Reboulia hemisphaerica (\u05e6\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05d3&#8221;\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><u>(\u05d0\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea)<\/u> <u><b>ALGAE<\/b><\/u><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><b>L<\/b>arge and diverse group of\u00a0photosynthetic\u00a0organisms<\/li>\n<li>Most are aquatic and\u00a0<b>autotrophic<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Algae constitute a <b>polyphyletic<\/b> (= of many races) group, since they do not include a common ancestor<\/li>\n<li>Algae exhibit a wide range of reproductive strategies, from simple\u00a0asexual\u00a0cell division to complex forms of\u00a0sexual reproduction.<\/li>\n<li>Algae lack the various structures that characterize land plants, such as: leaf-like-structures,rhizoids,roots,\u00a0leaves that\u00a0found in\u00a0vascular plants.<\/li>\n<li>The largest and most complex marine algae are called\u00a0<b>seaweeds: <\/b>red (most common: ulva=<b>sea <\/b><b>lettuce)<\/b>, green or brown<\/li>\n<li>The most complex freshwater forms are the\u00a0<b>Charophyta<\/b>, a\u00a0division\u00a0of green algae: <b><i>Spirogyra<\/i><\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6422\" style=\"width: 4608px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/IMG_0897.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/IMG_0897.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4608\" height=\"3456\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Algea, \u05d0\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea, \u05e4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e7 \u05d4\u05db\u05d8 \u05d7\u05d9\u05e4\u05d4, \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05d7\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d5\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e7\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 (\u05e6\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd: \u05d3&#8221;\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><b>Economic<\/b> <b>I<\/b><b>mportance<\/b> <b>of<\/b> <b>A<\/b><b>lgae<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Food supplement mainly in the Far East<\/li>\n<li>Food of the future &#8211; by growing algae in the ponds and producing protein from them.<\/li>\n<li>Producing solar energy<\/li>\n<li>Industries &amp; Researches: Paints, textiles, cosmetics, photography, pharmaceuticals, agar, oxidation pools, genetics studies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Lichens<\/b><b> (\u05d7\u05d6\u05d6\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea) <\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Lichen\u00a0<\/b>is a type of symbiotic organism.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">A composite organism that arises from\u00a0<b>algae\u00a0<\/b>or <b>cyanobacteria <\/b>(Single-cell) living among\u00a0filaments\u00a0of multiple\u00a0<b>fungi<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Lichens come in many colors, sizes, and forms: plant-like, tiny, leafless branches, flat leaf-like structures, thin pieces that lie on the surface like peeling paint<\/li>\n<li>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12545\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/20160401_114157-2-Copy.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/anattour.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/20160401_114157-2-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Lichens on limestone (Ramalina maciformis), Negev, \u05d7\u05d6\u05d6\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea &#8211; \u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8, \u05d7\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d9 \u05e0\u05d9\u05e6\u05e0\u05d4 (\u05e6\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd: \u05d3&#8221;\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Uses of Lichen<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Medicine<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Color Industry &#8211; Painting traditional Scottish fabrics<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Perfumes<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Flower arrangement<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Patterns such as trees and bushes in architectur<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Eating &#8211; Few species in the Far East<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Smoking pipes in southern Sahara<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Botany comes from Latin: \u03b2\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 = land used for\u00a0grazing or grass Is a science of\u00a0plant\u00a0life and a branch of\u00a0biology The importance of plants: Generating a large proportion of the oxygen and food\u00a0by the PHOTOSYNTHSIS. PHOTOSYNTHSIS is a process that uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and\u00a0carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) into sugars, and release\u00a0oxygen [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":12356,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2044],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plant-identification-guide"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>BOTANY |\u05de\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dd \u05e2\u05e0\u05ea<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Plant Identification Guide:\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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